February 16, 2016

111914NEC640A recent Baylor College of Medicine study led by Texas Children’s neonatologist Dr. Amy Hair, and published in the journal Breastfeeding Medicine, found that premature infants weighing less than 1,250 grams at birth showed improved outcomes after being fed a human milk-based diet.

Texas Children’s and Baylor researchers compared outcomes data of more than 1,500 premature infants in four large centers in the U.S. two years before and two years after implementing an exclusive human milk-based diet in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). They found that babies who were exclusively fed human breast milk had a lower incidence of mortality, late-onset sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity (which can lead to blindness) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a form of chronic lung disease in infants.

Hair, who is also an assistant professor of pediatrics at Baylor and director of the Neonatal Nutrition Program at Texas Children’s, says feeding premature infants an exclusive human milk-based diet has also been shown to decrease the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a life-threatening neonatal condition that causes inflammation and death of intestinal tissue.

“Since implementing an exclusive human milk feeding protocol for newborns weighing less than 1,500 grams at birth, not only have we reduced the rate of NEC by 77 percent in our NICU, but we have seen additional benefits with this diet,” Hair said.

An exclusive human milk-based diet consists of a mother’s own milk supplemented with donor human milk and fortifier derived from donor human milk. Babies do not receive any bovine protein as formula or fortifiers. Prior to implementing a human milk feeding protocol, infants were fed mother’s own milk with bovine fortifier or formula.

“We know that human milk has immune factors, antibodies, high levels of important fat and vitamins, so it makes sense that it would work with different processes in the body to improve the overall health in babies,” Hair said.

Click here to read the journal article highlighting their study, which was funded by Texas Children’s Hospital’s Bad Pants Day golf tournament.

February 9, 2016

21016NRIrecognitioninside640

Wangler, Yamamoto awarded SFARI grant for autism spectrum disorder study

Drs. Michael Wangler and Shinya Yamamoto recently obtained a research grant from the Simon’s Foundation for Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) to advance their study on autism spectrum disorders.

Their study titled, “In vivo functional analysis of autism candidate genes” is one of five projects selected for research funding by the SFARI.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are highly heritable but have a complex genetic architecture. Whole-genome sequencing has been used to identify many potential genetic mutations that may be responsible for ASD. However, interpreting the disease relevance of these enormous numbers of individual variants has been difficult because many of them are poorly characterized.

In their study, Wangler and Yamamoto will use a fruit fly model system to study a subset of 300 autism candidate genes to determine their role in disease causation and progression. They predict that using this powerful genetic system will provide much-needed information on the biological mechanisms underlying ASDs.

Besides being on the NRI faculty, Wangler and Yamamoto are assistant professors in the department of Molecular and Human Genetics at Baylor.

Ballabio to receive the 2016 Louis-Jeantet Prize

Dr. Andrea Ballabio, founder and director of the Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Italy, professor at Baylor and faculty member at the NRI, has been selected to receive the 2016 Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine. He will share this award with biochemist John Diffley, associate research director at the Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom.

The Louis-Jeantet Prize for medicine is awarded each year by the Louis-Jeantet Foundation to experienced researchers who have distinguished themselves in the field of biomedical research in Europe. The prize is intended to encourage the continuation of innovative research projects of major importance to fundamental or clinical medicine.

Ballabio was recognized for his contributions in advancing the understanding of molecular mechanisms controlling the function of lysosomes in health and disease.

Lysosomes are organelles responsible for the degradation of cellular waste. A growing number of diseases are associated to lysosomal dysfunction such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, obesity and infections. Ballabio’s group identified a master gene that globally controls lysosomal function and promotes intracellular clearance of accumulating pathological materials. These observations revealed a new biological pathway and provided a tool to modulate lysosomal function to treat human diseases.

Ballabio will receive the award during a special ceremony in Geneva, Switzerland on Wednesday, April 20.

21016Anvari175The Clinical Research Center will present the Clinical Research Award for First Quarter 2016 to Dr. Sara Anvari, physician, Allergy and Immunology. Dr. Anvari is a dedicated clinical scientist for the food allergy research trials at Texas Children’s Hospital.

The award was established by the Clinical Research Center in collaboration with the Research Resources Office to recognize and honor individual contributions to protecting the best interest of the research subjects and compliance with applicable rules and regulations.

Dr. Anvari’s research activities in the CRC focus on understanding the underlying immunopathogenesis of food allergies and the mechanisms that lead to the development of oral tolerance in food allergic patients undergoing immunotherapy.

Through the support of the Texas Children’s Food Allergy Program, Texas Children’s Center for Human Immunobiology and the Clinical Research Center, Dr. Anvari has been able to pursue her research goals and currently oversees the clinical research trials that will provide her with the groundwork for the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with food allergies.

February 8, 2016

 

bench-and-beside-Header1

Bench and Bedside is a digest of the previous month’s stories about the clinical and academic activities of our physicians and scientists. We welcome your submissions and feedback.

January 5

Zoghbi to receive Vanderbilt prize in Biomedical Science

2116zoghbilab300Dr. Huda Zoghbi, professor of molecular and human genetics at Baylor College of Medicine, and director of the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s, will be honored with the 2015 Vanderbilt Prize in Biomedical Science. This award is given by the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine to recognize women scientists with a stellar record of research accomplishment who have also mentored other women in science. More

January 5

Second location of The Center for Children and Women celebrates milestone

2116TheCenterAnniv300Texas Children’s Health Plan recently celebrated the first anniversary of The Center for Children and Women in Southwest Houston. During the past 12 months, the Center has provided care to more than 5,800 patients, including 356 births, demonstrating The Center’s remarkable footprint in the community. More

 

 

 

January 12

Dr. Sanjeev Vasudevan selected for Baylor Young Alumni Award

Dr. Sanjeev Vasudevan will receive the 2016 Young Alumnus Award from the Baylor College of Medicine Alumni Association. Vasudevan is a pediatric surgeon and researcher specializing in pediatric cancers such as neuroblastoma, liver cancer, renal tumors and sarcomas. More

January 12

Harpavat receives ASSLD award for study on newborn screening tool to detect biliary atresia earlier

Dr. Sanjiv Harpavat, a pediatric gastroenterologist at Texas Children’s and Baylor College of Medicine, received the 2015 Jan Albrecht Clinical and Translational Research Award in Liver Diseases from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Foundation. His study titled, “Assessment of a Novel Newborn Screening Tool for Biliary Atresia,” explores a new strategy to detect infants with biliary atresia earlier. More

January 12

Pediatric Surgeon Dr. Sundeep Keswani awarded visiting professorship

Dr. Sundeep Keswani, pediatric surgeon, was chosen by the Association for Academic Surgery to receive the 2016 International Visiting Professorship Award to attend the Columbia Surgical Association Congress in Bogota, Colombia, in August 2016. Keswani is the principal investigator for the Texas Children’s Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair. More

January 12

Family Fertility Center advances innovative research to improve IVF process

2116FFC300From exploring the metabolic factors impacting egg quality to the genetics of embryo implantation, Family Fertility Center researchers at Texas Children’s Pavilion for Women are engaged in several fascinating studies to help infertile couples achieve successful pregnancy outcomes. Read about the various studies in progress. More

 

 

January 19

Three Texas Children’s Cancer Center researchers receive prestigious ASH awards

The American Society of Hematology (ASH) recognized three researchers from Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Baylor College of Medicine for their work in advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis and exploring novel innovative approaches for the treatment of pediatric cancers. More

January 19

Texas Children’s uses advanced orthopedic imaging, less radiation exposure

2116EOS300Texas Children’s is the first pediatric hospital in the southwest to offer advanced orthopedic imaging that provides full body, 3-D views of a patient’s bone structure using less radiation. Because of the low radiation dose, EOS imaging is beneficial for orthopedic patients with scoliosis and other spinal deformities who require frequent imaging to monitor disease progression. More

 

January 26

Texas Children’s Hospital welcomes expert pediatric hand surgeon

Texas Children’s Hospital is excited to welcome Dr. William Pederson, a highly-regarded pediatric hand surgeon, to the Department of Surgery. Pederson, whose appointment was effective in January, also is a professor of surgery and pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine. More

January 26

Texas Children’s Heart Center welcomes trio of cardiologists

Texas Children’s Heart Center has welcomed three new pediatric cardiologists to the team. Drs. Tobias Schlingmann, Betul Yilmaz and Justin Zachariah joined Texas Children’s in July. More

February 2, 2016

2316zikamosquito640In light of the multiple confirmed cases of recent travelers who returned to the Houston area after contracting Zika in Central America, Texas Children’s leaders encourage employees and staff to arm themselves with facts about Zika virus.

The virus, which has spread rapidly through Central and South America in the last year, is transmitted between humans primarily through mosquito bites. People may not realize they’ve been infected with Zika virus because the majority of people will develop an asymptomatic or mild flu-like infection.

The Zika virus has heightened concern among pregnant women since the virus may increase the risk of microcephaly, a rare neurological birth defect in which babies are born with abnormally small heads.

While there is no vaccine to protect against Zika infection, Dr. Kristy Murray encourages employees, particularly pregnant women, to refrain from travelling to areas where the outbreak is growing. The only way to prevent infection is to avoid getting mosquito bites.

“The only risk factor right now is foreign travel to areas where the virus is epidemic,” said Murray, director of the Laboratory for Viral and Zoonotic Diseases at Texas Children’s. “Currently, we do not have mosquitos locally that can transmit the virus, though we are concerned that an infected traveler could expose our mosquitos, setting up an opportunity for local transmission to begin. For about a week, an infected person has enough virus circulating in his or her blood to infect mosquitos.”

Texas Children’s OB/GYN-in-Chief Dr. Michael Belfort recently convened a task force of physicians and researchers at Texas Children’s and Baylor College of Medicine to develop management and research strategies based on important screening criteria outlined by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for pregnant women who may have been exposed to the Zika virus.

Belfort stresses that “women who have traveled to an affected area just before or during their pregnancy should contact their OB-GYN.” As stated in the developed task force guidelines, if pregnant women return from an endemic area and within two weeks develop symptoms, they will be referred to a knowledgeable provider or maternal fetal medicine specialist to test for evidence of Zika virus exposure. Additionally, pregnant women who return from an endemic area, regardless of symptoms, will be referred for ultrasound screening for fetal microcephaly. If fetal microcephaly is detected, an amniocentesis for Zika virus exposure will be offered.

“Our expert group also has recommended testing for chromosomal disorders at the time of amniocentesis for fetal microcephaly,” said Dr. Kjersti Aagaard, vice chair for Research in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Texas Children’s and Baylor, and a member of the task force. “Since the same mosquito carries Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika, we are advocating for testing of all three viruses once laboratory options become available.”

Below are FAQs about the Zika virus from the CDC and the developed guidelines:

What are the symptoms of Zika?
The most common symptoms of Zika virus disease are fever, rash, joint pain or conjunctivitis (red eyes). Symptoms typically begin two to seven days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.

How is Zika transmitted?
Zika is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitos. It can also be transmitted from a pregnant mother to her baby during pregnancy or around the time of birth. We do not know how often Zika is transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy or around the time of birth, when women are at highest risk, or how the transmission occurs.

Who is at risk of being infected?
Anyone who is living in or traveling to an area where Zika virus is found is at risk for infection, including pregnant women.

What countries have Zika?
Specific areas where Zika virus transmission is ongoing are often difficult to determine and are likely to change over time. Click here for the most updated information.

For more information about the Zika virus and ways you can protect yourself, click here.

8515Drzoghbi175Dr. Huda Zoghbi, director of the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s, will receive this year’s prestigious Jessie Stevenson Kovalenko Medal for her pioneering advancements in neuroscience research.

The National Academy of Science (NAS) presents this award every two years for outstanding research in the medical sciences. The Kovalenko Fund was gifted by Michael S. Kovalenko in 1949 in memory of his wife, Jessie Stevenson Kovalenko. For the last 63 years, the NAS has chosen distinguished scientists who have made landmark discoveries in medical research to receive this medal.

“Zoghbi unraveled the molecular basis of Spinocerebellar ataxia and Rett syndrome, providing novel insight into the pathogenesis of a broad range of neurologic disorders,” NAS Home Secretary Susan R. Wessler said. “Over the years, she has received numerous awards and prizes that honor her leadership in neuroscience research and exemplary mentorship to young neuroscientists. We couldn’t be more excited about this latest award. Her research initiatives have provided much needed rays of hope for many patients and their families.”

Zoghbi, who is a professor of molecular and human genetics, pediatrics, neurology and neuroscience at Baylor College of Medicine, has made several seminal discoveries in diverse areas of neuroscience. Her work has significantly furthered our understanding of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders and revealed novel strategies to reverse these conditions. In addition, her forays in basic developmental neurobiology have led to important insights in a broad range of conditions from hearing loss to colon cancer.

Among her many scientific accomplishments, Zoghbi is widely recognized for her pioneering work on Rett syndrome, a form of autism common among girls. In 1999, she and her colleagues discovered that Rett syndrome is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked gene MeCP2 (methyl-CpG-binding protein 2) which established it as the first autism spectrum disorder that is largely caused by sporadic gene mutations. She would go on to demonstrate that the brain is exquisitely sensitive to levels of what she terms the “goldilocks” protein, MeCP2, and that doubling MeCP2 levels causes another devastating neurological syndrome among boys.

Recently, her lab showed that using small antisense oligonucleotides to normalize MeCP2 levels in the brain reversed the debilitating symptoms of MeCP2 duplication syndrome in a mouse models of that disease.

Zoghbi will receive the Jessie Stevenson Kovalenko Medal on Sunday, May 1, at the National Academy of Science’s 153rd Annual Meeting.

2316DrJacotinside175Bioengineers at Texas Children’s Hospital and Rice University have won a National Institutes of Health grant to develop a new generation of patches to repair the damaged hearts of infants.

The $1.9 million, 5-year grant will allow Jeffrey Jacot and his team to take the next steps in a long-running drive to improve the survival rates of such infants, many of whom are diagnosed in utero and require surgery soon after birth.

Jacot, who has appointments at Rice and Texas Children’s, and his colleagues will test patches that encourage a child’s own heart cells to invade and, over time, regenerate tissue to repair birth defects.

The multilayer patches include a rudimentary preformed vasculature – a blood-vessel system – that encourages cells to migrate. Over time, as the cells form organ tissue, the patches degrade and leave the body. The new tissue will ideally grow with the heart and have no fibrous scar that could interfere with its normal operation.

“Our goal is to have something that blends in with the tissue, so you can’t tell it’s a patch,” Jacot said. “It grows with the rest of the heart, and you don’t have these issues that you have with a piece of plastic.”

Jacot said cell survival in forming tissue has limited the effectiveness of such scaffolds until now. “We think if it has a good vasculature, it can recruit the cells that it needs,” he said. Preliminary studies show the immature vasculature hooks into the heart’s existing system “fairly quickly without needing to be surgically attached,” he said.

The study initially will be geared toward infants who suffer from Tetralogy of Fallot, a birth defect in which blood bypasses the lungs. The problem occurs in 4.7 of every 10,000 infants born in the United States. Cell-free patches are currently used to repair the damage, but they neither degrade nor grow with the infant and often need to be replaced, Jacot said.

“The surgeons we work with feel like there needs to be something better,” Jacot said. “What they see is that 10 to 20 percent of patches need to be replaced over time for various reasons, like if it has a severe strain or calcifies.”

The proposed new patches consist of a polyurethane core strong enough to handle sutures and the constant stress provided by a beating heart, surrounded by a porous gel that will welcome cells from neighboring heart tissue.

The lab had already derived endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells from amniotic fluid stem cells and determined that combining them in a hydrogel scaffold induces the formation of a rudimentary vascular structure. The use of readily available amniotic stem cells from a newborn’s own mother cuts the risk of tissue rejection, Jacot said.