Texas Children’s ophthalmologists research cause of blindness in premature infants

October 7, 2014

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Research done by Texas Children’s ophthalmologists could put doctors one step closer to understanding why some children go blind.

Dr. Mohamed Hussein, assistant professor of ophthalmology with Baylor College of Medicine, recently collaborated with three of his colleagues at Texas Children’s and three of his colleagues at other institutions to evaluate the association of autonomic drug use to the development and severity of retinopathy of prematurity – one of the leading cause of blindness in developing countries.

The group’s findings were published in the current issue of the Journal of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, and reveal a significant association between the use of autonomic drugs, the development of ROP and the need for ROP treatment.

“What this means,” said Hussein, the lead author of the journal article, “is that we may be closer to having a better understanding of the theory of how ROP happens.”

To date, researchers have not been able to determine the exact cause for the disease that blinded soul musician Stevie Wonder, actor Tom Sullivan and jazz singer Diane Schuur. Most research has focused on an infant’s oxygen levels since ROP primarily affects premature babies who received intensive neonatal care, including oxygen therapy.

“No one had looked at ROP and autonomic drug use,” Hussein said. “Now we have, and now more research can be done to find a cause.”

Until then, Hussein said he is not ready to advocate recommendations regarding the use or the dose of the autonomic nervous system drugs used in neonatal intensive care units.

“These medications are used a lot in the NICU, so I’m not saying don’t use them,” he said. “More studies need to be done.”

Ultimately, Hussein said he hopes his research will lead to the cause of ROP as well as a way to prevent and better treat the disease, which affects between 5 percent and 8 percent of NICU babies in developed countries and up to 30 percent of NICU babies in developing countries.

“ROP is a big problem for pediatric ophthalmologists,” Hussein said, adding that the disease is becoming more prevalent with the increased survival rate of premature babies. “There is a real need for more information.”